Space Apps Challenge 2018

What?

Develop a playful and informative website with the intention of teaching users in general, mainly school children, about the important discoveries of the Hubble telescope, which have made several contributions to the advancement of humanity.

Why?

To honor the Hubble telescope (as it entered safe mode), reminding humanity that its legacy is eternalized, through its inspiring images. To not a children have to save a dreams and the aware techniques in the knowledge of motivators the follow the sonogram, with as well as the with Hubble telescope.

How?

Through a prototype website for the internet, which in the future can be refined and improved, and can be implemented in other media. Through this prototype it was possible to conceive the aesthetic and functional concept of the site and visualize its benefits for humanity and the Hubble legacy.

HISTORY:

The Hubble Space Telescope was the first and most important of all telescopes because it is free from interference from the Earth's atmosphere, which allows it to get accurate images of places far from the universe. Hubble is named after the American astronomer Edwin Powell Hubble who was the first to prove that the so-called nebulae were actually (mostly) independent galaxies, just like our Milky Way. He was also the first to note that the galaxies are moving away, giving insights to the Big Bang theory.

It was released in 1990 and equipped with lenses that can detect both visible light and infrared light, its main optical element is a mirror. It is not the largest telescope in the world, but it is the one that gets the best images and information from galaxies and other celestial bodies, especially those that are far beyond our solar system.

In 2018 Hubble went into security mode because only two of its gyroscopes still work. It uses six gyros to point to distant targets, such as galaxies and stars. However, with only three, he can operate with his complete science program and if he falls below three gyroscopes, he automatically positions himself in a protective mode.

The solution now is to try to get the telescope to operate not with two, but with only one of the gyroscopes, keeping the other in the reserve. Although scientific capabilities are limited, it is an effective way to increase the life of the first paparazzi in the universe a little more.

MISSIONS:

1993 - Hubble needed glasses:

Earlier in his life, Hubble presented a defect in his main mirror that was deformed the size of a hair, but enough to damage his images. To help him, a special mission was then made to install corrective lenses on Hubble, since he was not seeing well and needed glasses.

1997- Hubble became more efficient:

The installation of new tools stretched Hubble's wavelengths, allowing him to look to the farthest reaches of the universe. The exchange of spacecraft components increased Hubble's efficiency and performance.

1999 – Hubble has modernized:

All six Hubble gyroscopes were replaced, a voltage and temperature improvement kit was installed and thermal insulation blankets were replaced. The Hubble computer was exchanged for 20 times faster and with six times more memory than the old one, this made it possible to increase Hubble's performance and saved money by allowing the use of modern programming languages.

2002 - Hubble needed a new air conditioner:

The reactivation of NICMOS, which had lost cooling in 1999, occurred. A new cooling system was installed which reduced the temperature of the instrument enough so that it could be useful again. Although not as cold as its original design had predicted, the temperature became more stable, which in many ways represented an advantage.

2009 - Hubble increased his ability to observe:

In 2008, the Science Instrument Command and Data Handling failed. All scientific data passes through this unit before being transmitted to Earth. Although it had a backup drive, if it failed, Hubble's lifespan would be over. Therefore NASA announced that the launch of SM4 would be postponed until 2009 so that the SIC & DH unit could be replaced. SM4, with an SIC & DH replacement unit, was launched aboard the Atlantis May 2009 bus.

NEW DISCOVERIES:

The Edge of Space:

Hubble produced long-exposure images of small pieces of the sky to show the most distant (and oldest) galaxies. These supersensitive images revealed galaxies that existed when the Universe was only a few hundred million years old. These galaxies were smaller and more irregular than modern galaxies, an expected result if current galaxies are thought to have resulted from the union of smaller galaxies (not from the fragmentation of larger galaxies).

Star Births:

The birth of a star can generate collimated jets with several light years in extension. It is not yet known exactly how this happens. The hypothesis is that there is influence of a magnetic field on the disk of gas and dust that surrounds the new object. The magnetic field lines force the ionized material to follow certain course. Hubble reinforced this theory by providing the evidence that these jets actually originate in the center of the disk. In fact, the space telescope revealed protoplanetary discs, often as silhouettes against the background of the nebula. At least half of the young stars observed have these disks, demonstrating that the raw material for forming planets is available in all parts of the galaxy.

FUTURE MISSIONS:

The James Webb Space Telescope has a larger imaging mirror than the Hubble Mirror, and will be its replacement in the future. James will be at a distance of 1.5 million kilometers from the Earth, at a point where there is annulment between the gravity of the sun and the earth. His accuracy is so great that it would be possible to observe an insect in lunar territory. It has this name in honor of James Edwin Webb, who managed NASA between 1961 and 1968.